Use pricing to discourage commuting via SOV (Single Occupancy Vehicle)
Quantify the environmental impact and economic value of existing private parking spots and explore a VMT (Vehicle Miles Traveled) bank or exchange for managing a VMT budget for the city.
For new development, implement a development impact fee for construction of new non-EV spots.
Establish congestion pricing and/or toll roads.
Consider a Palo Alto-specific Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicle fee, tax, and/or other assessment to provide a disincentive for the ownership or use of a fossil fuel vehicle. Consider application of the fee, tax, or assessment to both residential households and workplaces and utilize the revenue to incentivize VMT reduction and EV adoption.
This can be further enhanced by implementing a smart parking system that helps drivers more easily find available parking spaces. A lot of the emissions from driving come from idling and time spent finding a parking space: http://shoup.bol.ucla.edu/CruisingForParkingAccess.pdf and this was partially resolved in San Francisco via implementation of a smart parking system called SFpark: http://sfpark.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/SFpark_Eval_Summary_2014.pdf